B Noun Gender
The nouns considered thus far are all masculine (pum-linga); the paradigms below are for the neuter (napumsaka-linga) noun phala 'fruit', and the feminine (strl-linga) noun bala 'girl'.
|
eka-vaeana |
dvi-vaeana |
bahu-vaeana | |
|
prat ham a |
phalam |
phale |
phalani |
|
sambodhana prat ham a |
he phala |
he phale |
he phalani |
|
dvitiya |
phalam |
phale |
phalani |
|
trtiya |
phalena |
phalabhyam |
phalaih |
|
eaturthi |
phalaya |
phalabhyam |
phalebhyah |
|
paneami |
phalat |
phalabhyam |
phalebhyah |
|
sasthi |
phalasya |
phalayoh |
phalanam |
|
saptami |
phale |
phalayoh |
phalesu |
|
eka-vaeana |
dvi-vaeana |
bahu-vaeana | |
|
prat ham a |
bala |
bale |
balah |
|
sambodhana prat ham a |
he bale |
he bale |
he balah |
|
dvitiya |
balam |
bale |
balah |
|
trtiya |
balaya |
balabhyam |
balabhih |
|
eaturthi |
balayai |
balabhyam |
balabhyah |
|
paneami |
balayah |
balabhyam |
balabhyah |
|
sasthi |
balayah |
balayoh |
balanam |
|
saptami |
balayam |
balayoh |
balasu |
Note that, due to internal sandhi, the napumsaka-linga bahu-vaeana forms of prat ham a and dvitiya will also change from -ani to -ani if preceded by 'r' or's'.
There is another sandhi rule applicable within a word, that applies here: the saptami bahu-vacana ending -su changes to -su following any vowel except a or a — thus -su is the most common form, but in the declension of bala it remains as -su. This sandhi rule will be described more fully in a later lesson. (11.A.3).
|
Sanskrit case |
Latinate name |
English grammar |
Answers question |
Relation to Verb | |
|
1. |
prathamâ sambodhana |
nominative vocative |
subject |
Who? What? |
names the agent/subject of the verb, calling / addressing. |
|
2. |
dvitlyà |
accusative |
direct object |
Whom? What? |
indicates immediate destination of action. |
|
3. |
trtlyà |
instrumental |
By whom/what? |
the means by which action accomplished. | |
|
4. |
caturthl |
dative |
indirect object |
To/for whom/what? |
recipient, beneficiary, purpose of action. |
|
5. |
pancaml |
ablative |
From whom/what? |
place from which action begins; also cause/motive. | |
|
6. |
s as till |
genitive |
genitive |
Of whom? Whose? |
relation of source/possession/etc. relation is NOT to verb. |
|
7. |
saptaml |
locative |
When? Where? |
place/time where/when action takes place. | |
DO DO
CJ5 bd
Post a comment